Sciatica & Radiating Pain

Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which is the largest nerve in the body. The sciatic nerve originates from nerve roots in the lower back (lumbar spine) and runs through the buttocks, down the back of each leg, branching out to the thighs, calves, feet, and toes. Sciatica is not a medical condition in itself but rather a symptom of an underlying condition affecting the sciatic nerve or its roots.

1. Herniated Disc: One of the most common causes of sciatica is a herniated disc in the lumbar spine. When the gel-like inner material of a disc protrudes through its outer layer and presses on the nerve roots that form the sciatic nerve, it can cause pain, numbness, and tingling along the nerve's pathway.

2. Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal in the lumbar spine can compress the nerve roots, including those that form the sciatic nerve, leading to sciatica.

3. Degenerative Disc Disease: Wear and tear on the discs between the vertebrae can lead to changes that may irritate or compress the nerve roots, causing sciatic pain.

4. Spondylolisthesis: This condition occurs when one vertebra slips forward over another, putting pressure on the nerve roots and causing sciatica.

5. Piriformis Syndrome: The piriformis muscle, located in the buttocks near the sciatic nerve, can spasm and compress the nerve, resulting in sciatic symptoms.

6. Trauma or Injury: Injuries such as falls or accidents can cause fractures or other damage to the spine that may lead to sciatica.

  1. -Pain: The hallmark symptom of sciatica is pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, typically from the lower back down through the buttocks and into one or both legs. The pain can vary widely, from a mild ache to sharp, burning sensations.
  2. -Numbness and Tingling: People with sciatica may experience numbness, tingling (pins and needles sensation), or a feeling of weakness in the affected leg or foot.
  3. -Muscle Weakness: In more severe cases, sciatica can cause weakness in the leg muscles, making it difficult to move the affected limb or perform certain activities.
  4. -Pain Aggravation: Symptoms of sciatica are often aggravated by activities that involve bending, lifting, or prolonged sitting or standing. Coughing or sneezing may also exacerbate symptoms due to increased pressure on the nerve roots.
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